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This is fdl-1.3.info, produced by makeinfo version 5.2 from |
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fdl-1.3.texi. |
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Version 1.3, 3 November 2008 |
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Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
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<http://fsf.org/> |
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Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies |
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of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. |
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0. PREAMBLE |
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The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other |
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functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to |
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assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, |
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with or without modifying it, either commercially or |
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noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the |
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author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not |
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being considered responsible for modifications made by others. |
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This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative |
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works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. |
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It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft |
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license designed for free software. |
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We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for |
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free software, because free software needs free documentation: a |
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free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms |
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that the software does. But this License is not limited to |
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software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless |
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of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. We |
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recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is |
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instruction or reference. |
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1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS |
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This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, |
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that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can |
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be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice |
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grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, |
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to use that work under the conditions stated herein. The |
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"Document", below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member |
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of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept |
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the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a way |
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requiring permission under copyright law. |
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A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the |
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Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with |
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modifications and/or translated into another language. |
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A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section |
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of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the |
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publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall |
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subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could |
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fall directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document |
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is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not |
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explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of |
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historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or |
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of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position |
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regarding them. |
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The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose |
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titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the |
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notice that says that the Document is released under this License. |
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If a section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it |
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is not allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may |
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contain zero Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify |
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any Invariant Sections then there are none. |
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The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are |
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listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice |
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that says that the Document is released under this License. A |
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Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may |
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be at most 25 words. |
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A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, |
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represented in a format whose specification is available to the |
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general public, that is suitable for revising the document |
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straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed |
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of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely |
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available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text |
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formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats |
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suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise |
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Transparent file format whose markup, or absence of markup, has |
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been arranged to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by |
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readers is not Transparent. An image format is not Transparent if |
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used for any substantial amount of text. A copy that is not |
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"Transparent" is called "Opaque". |
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Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain |
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ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, |
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SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming |
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simple HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. |
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Examples of transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. |
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Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be read and |
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edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which |
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the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally available, and |
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the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word |
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processors for output purposes only. |
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The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, |
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plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the |
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material this License requires to appear in the title page. For |
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works in formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title |
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Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of the |
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work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text. |
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The "publisher" means any person or entity that distributes copies |
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of the Document to the public. |
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A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document |
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whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses |
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following text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ |
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stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such as |
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"Acknowledgements", "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) |
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To "Preserve the Title" of such a section when you modify the |
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Document means that it remains a section "Entitled XYZ" according |
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to this definition. |
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The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice |
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which states that this License applies to the Document. These |
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Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in |
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this License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other |
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implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and |
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has no effect on the meaning of this License. |
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2. VERBATIM COPYING |
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You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either |
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commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the |
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copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License |
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applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you |
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add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You |
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may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading |
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or further copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, |
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you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If you |
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distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the |
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conditions in section 3. |
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You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, |
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and you may publicly display copies. |
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3. COPYING IN QUANTITY |
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If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly |
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have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and |
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the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must |
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enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all |
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these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and |
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Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly |
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and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies. The |
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front cover must present the full title with all words of the title |
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equally prominent and visible. You may add other material on the |
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covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to the covers, as |
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long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy these |
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conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects. |
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If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit |
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legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit |
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reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto |
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adjacent pages. |
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If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document |
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numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable |
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Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with |
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each Opaque copy a computer-network location from which the general |
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network-using public has access to download using public-standard |
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network protocols a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free |
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of added material. If you use the latter option, you must take |
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reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque |
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copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will |
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remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one |
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year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or |
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through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public. |
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It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of |
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the Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, |
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to give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the |
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Document. |
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4. MODIFICATIONS |
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You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document |
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under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you |
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release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the |
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Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing |
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distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever |
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possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these things in |
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the Modified Version: |
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A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title |
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distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous |
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versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the |
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History section of the Document). You may use the same title |
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as a previous version if the original publisher of that |
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version gives permission. |
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B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or |
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entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in |
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the Modified Version, together with at least five of the |
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principal authors of the Document (all of its principal |
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authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they release you |
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from this requirement. |
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C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the |
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Modified Version, as the publisher. |
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D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. |
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E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications |
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adjacent to the other copyright notices. |
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F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license |
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notice giving the public permission to use the Modified |
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Version under the terms of this License, in the form shown in |
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the Addendum below. |
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G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant |
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Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's |
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license notice. |
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H. Include an unaltered copy of this License. |
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I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, |
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and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new |
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authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the |
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Title Page. If there is no section Entitled "History" in the |
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Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and |
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publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add |
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an item describing the Modified Version as stated in the |
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previous sentence. |
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J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document |
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for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and |
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likewise the network locations given in the Document for |
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previous versions it was based on. These may be placed in the |
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"History" section. You may omit a network location for a work |
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that was published at least four years before the Document |
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itself, or if the original publisher of the version it refers |
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to gives permission. |
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K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", |
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Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section |
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all the substance and tone of each of the contributor |
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acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein. |
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L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered |
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in their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the |
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equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. |
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M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section |
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may not be included in the Modified Version. |
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N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled |
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"Endorsements" or to conflict in title with any Invariant |
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Section. |
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O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers. |
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If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or |
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appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no |
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material copied from the Document, you may at your option designate |
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some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their |
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titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's |
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license notice. These titles must be distinct from any other |
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section titles. |
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You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains |
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nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various |
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parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text |
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has been approved by an organization as the authoritative |
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definition of a standard. |
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You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, |
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and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of |
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the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage |
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of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or |
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through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document |
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already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added |
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by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on |
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behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old |
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one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added |
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the old one. |
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The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this |
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License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to |
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assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version. |
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5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS |
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You may combine the Document with other documents released under |
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this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for |
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modified versions, provided that you include in the combination all |
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of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, |
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unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your |
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combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all |
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their Warranty Disclaimers. |
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The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and |
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multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single |
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copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name |
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but different contents, make the title of each such section unique |
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by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the |
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original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a |
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unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in |
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the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the |
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combined work. |
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In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled |
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"History" in the various original documents, forming one section |
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Entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled |
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"Acknowledgements", and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You |
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must delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements." |
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6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS |
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You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other |
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documents released under this License, and replace the individual |
|
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copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy |
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that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the |
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rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents |
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in all other respects. |
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You may extract a single document from such a collection, and |
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distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert |
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a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this |
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License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that |
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document. |
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7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS |
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A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other |
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separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a |
|
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storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the |
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copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the |
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legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual |
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works permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this |
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License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which |
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are not themselves derivative works of the Document. |
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If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these |
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copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half |
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of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed |
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on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the |
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electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic |
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form. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket |
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the whole aggregate. |
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8. TRANSLATION |
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Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may |
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distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section |
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4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special |
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|
permission from their copyright holders, but you may include |
|
|
translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the |
|
|
original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a |
|
|
translation of this License, and all the license notices in the |
|
|
Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also |
|
|
include the original English version of this License and the |
|
|
original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a |
|
|
disagreement between the translation and the original version of |
|
|
this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will |
|
|
prevail. |
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|
If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements", |
|
|
"Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to |
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Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the |
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actual title. |
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9. TERMINATION |
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You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document |
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|
except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt |
|
|
otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, |
|
|
and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. |
|
|
|
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|
However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your |
|
|
license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) |
|
|
provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and |
|
|
finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the |
|
|
copyright holder fails to notify you of the violation by some |
|
|
reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation. |
|
|
|
|
|
Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is |
|
|
reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the |
|
|
violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have |
|
|
received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from |
|
|
that copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days |
|
|
after your receipt of the notice. |
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|
|
|
Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate |
|
|
the licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you |
|
|
under this License. If your rights have been terminated and not |
|
|
permanently reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the |
|
|
same material does not give you any rights to use it. |
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|
10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE |
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|
The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of |
|
|
the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new |
|
|
versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may |
|
|
differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See |
|
|
<http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/>. |
|
|
|
|
|
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version |
|
|
number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered |
|
|
version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you |
|
|
have the option of following the terms and conditions either of |
|
|
that specified version or of any later version that has been |
|
|
published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the |
|
|
Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may |
|
|
choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free |
|
|
Software Foundation. If the Document specifies that a proxy can |
|
|
decide which future versions of this License can be used, that |
|
|
proxy's public statement of acceptance of a version permanently |
|
|
authorizes you to choose that version for the Document. |
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|
11. RELICENSING |
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|
"Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site" (or "MMC Site") means any |
|
|
World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also |
|
|
provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works. A |
|
|
public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server. |
|
|
A "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration" (or "MMC") contained in the |
|
|
site means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC |
|
|
site. |
|
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|
|
|
"CC-BY-SA" means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 |
|
|
license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit |
|
|
corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco, |
|
|
California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license |
|
|
published by that same organization. |
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"Incorporate" means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or |
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in part, as part of another Document. |
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An MMC is "eligible for relicensing" if it is licensed under this |
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License, and if all works that were first published under this |
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License somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently |
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incorporated in whole or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover |
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texts or invariant sections, and (2) were thus incorporated prior |
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to November 1, 2008. |
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The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the |
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site under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, |
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2009, provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing. |
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ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents |
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==================================================== |
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To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of |
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the License in the document and put the following copyright and license |
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notices just after the title page: |
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Copyright (C) YEAR YOUR NAME. |
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Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document |
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under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 |
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or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; |
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with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover |
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Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU |
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Free Documentation License''. |
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If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover |
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Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this: |
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with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with |
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the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts |
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being LIST. |
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If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other |
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combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the |
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situation. |
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If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we |
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recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free |
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software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit |
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their use in free software. |
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Tag Table: |
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End Tag Table
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